The graph below ranks each Missouri County by total residents according to the 2012 census estimates.
Missouri total population by county
| County | Total Population |
| St. Louis |  1,000,473 |
| Jackson | 677,244 |
| St. Charles | 368,556 |
| St. Louis city | 319,112 |
| Greene | 280,604 |
| Clay | 227,639 |
| Jefferson | 220,229 |
| Boone | 168,530 |
| Jasper | 115,451 |
| Franklin | 101,402 |
| Cass | 100,319 |
| Platte | 92,123 |
| Buchanan | 89,667 |
| Christian | 79,817 |
| Cape Girardeau | 76,932 |
| Cole | 76,445 |
| St. Francois | 65,856 |
| Newton | 59,040 |
| Johnson | 54,495 |
| Pulaski | 53,445 |
| Lincoln | 53,345 |
| Taney | 53,072 |
| Phelps | 45,054 |
| Callaway | 44,378 |
| Camden | 43,869 |
| Butler | 43,108 |
| Pettis | 42,257 |
| Howell | 40,683 |
| Scott | 39,188 |
| Lawrence | 38,465 |
| Webster | 36,333 |
| Barry | 35,562 |
| Laclede | 35,419 |
| Lafayette | 33,116 |
| Warren | 32,807 |
| Dunklin | 31,901 |
| Stone | 31,615 |
| Polk | 31,049 |
| Stoddard | 29,851 |
| Marion | 28,818 |
| Texas | 25,761 |
| Audrain | 25,597 |
| Adair | 25,561 |
| Randolph | 25,293 |
| Washington | 25,120 |
| Miller | 24,810 |
| Crawford | 24,807 |
| Saline | 23,437 |
| Nodaway | 23,402 |
| Ray | 23,079 |
| McDonald | 22,902 |
| Henry | 22,147 |
| Vernon | 20,801 |
| Clinton | 20,525 |
| Morgan | 20,153 |
| Perry | 19,019 |
| Benton | 18,964 |
| Wright | 18,624 |
| Pike | 18,547 |
| New Madrid | 18,483 |
| Pemiscot | 18,134 |
| Ste. Genevieve | 17,760 |
| Cooper | 17,511 |
| Andrew | 17,439 |
| Dallas | 16,789 |
| Bates | 16,718 |
| Moniteau | 15,674 |
| Dent | 15,662 |
| Macon | 15,578 |
| Livingston | 15,037 |
| Gasconade | 14,988 |
| Mississippi | 14,330 |
| Ripley | 14,047 |
| Osage | 13,852 |
| Cedar | 13,827 |
| Douglas | 13,637 |
| Wayne | 13,397 |
| DeKalb | 12,905 |
| Linn | 12,497 |
| Madison | 12,472 |
| Bollinger | 12,403 |
| Barton | 12,380 |
| Montgomery | 12,026 |
| Oregon | 10,985 |
| Iron | 10,405 |
| Grundy | 10,331 |
| Ralls | 10,262 |
| Howard | 10,171 |
| Lewis | 10,166 |
| Ozark | 9,641 |
| St. Clair | 9,505 |
| Hickory | 9,399 |
| Caldwell | 9,130 |
| Carroll | 9,111 |
| Maries | 8,995 |
| Harrison | 8,771 |
| Monroe | 8,707 |
| Shannon | 8,336 |
| Daviess | 8,270 |
| Chariton | 7,674 |
| Dade | 7,565 |
| Clark | 6,984 |
| Gentry | 6,801 |
| Reynolds | 6,665 |
| Sullivan | 6,539 |
| Carter | 6,267 |
| Shelby | 6,227 |
| Atchison | 5,536 |
| Putnam | 4,927 |
| Scotland | 4,870 |
| Holt | 4,652 |
| Schuyler | 4,389 |
| Knox | 4,082 |
| Mercer | 3,718 |
| Worth | 2,077 |